![#Repost @zinneducationproject
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On July 19, 1919 a major “race riot” broke out across Washington, D.C. as white mobs attacked the Black community and Black soldiers returning from WWI. The mob was retaliating against an alleged assault of a white woman, Elsie Stephnick, by a Black man, Charles Ralls. Elsie’s husband was a white, civilian employee of the navy. Hundreds of white sailors, soldiers, and marines formed “a mob in uniform.”
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Charles Ralls was found late Saturday evening. David Krugler writes in 1919, The Year of Racial Violence, “The mob spotted Ralls walking with his wife and began beating them. The couple broke free and bolted home, shots ringing out behind them. The mob tried to break in, but Ralls’ neighbors and friends rallied to his defense — a return fusillade scattered the mob and wounded a sailor. Servicemen fired back as Black residents locked their doors and prepared to defend their homes.”
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On Sunday, July 20, the violence continued to grow, in part because the seven-hundred-member Metropolitan Police Department failed to intervene. African Americans faced brutal beatings in the streets of Washington, at the Center Market on Seventh Street NW, and even in front of the White House. By the late hours of Sunday night, July 20, the African American community began to fight back. While there were no reported casualties that night, dozens were hospitalized. The Washington Post stoked the fires on Monday with an incendiary front-page story that included a notice about a 9 p.m. assembly for servicemen to finish what they had started, an assembly that would “cause the events of the last two evenings to pale in to insignificance.”
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Black Washingtonians took the Post article seriously. They requested official protection from the government, but the state and federal government officials refused. . .
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[Image description: Copy of the front page of a newspaper featuring the headline, “RIOTS AGAIN BREAK OUT IN NATIONAL CAPITAL, MARINE KILLS NEGRO”]
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#TDIH #ThisDayInHistory #OnThisDay #OnThisDayInHistory #TeachOutsideTextbook #PeoplesHistory #thewhoweareproject #thisiswhoweare #knowourhistory](http://eduxu.kittydevteam.com/content/v1/5ad4e01525bf02bfb56e4b9b/1595623519512-EUDOXG8JU90TT6R2R9CO/ke17ZwdGBToddI8pDm48kGS78un_bcNZLY1QrfTmegV7gQa3H78H3Y0txjaiv_0fDoOvxcdMmMKkDsyUqMSsMWxHk725yiiHCCLfrh8O1z5QHyNOqBUUEtDDsRWrJLTmmzJBBHkqvGAibxByi2-xi1RoNc7vr9m3ozvkcMF-yMAseWsVVmXrIaQg6-A-MY58/image-asset.jpeg)
![#Repost • @zinneducationproject On July 2, 1839, Africans on the Cuban schooner Amistad rose up against their captors, seizing control of the ship, which had been transporting them to chattel slavery. Here is a description from the Library of Congress:
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“On July 2, 1839, Joseph Cinqué led fifty-two fellow captive Africans, recently abducted from the British protectorate of Sierra Leone by Portuguese slave traders, in a revolt aboard the Spanish schooner Amistad. The ship’s navigator, who was spared in order to direct the ship back to western Africa, managed, instead, to steer it northward. When the Amistad was discovered off the coast of Long Island, New York, it was hauled into New London, Connecticut by the U.S. Navy.
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President Martin Van Buren, guided in part by his desire to woo pro-slavery votes in his upcoming bid for reelection, wanted the prisoners returned to Spanish authorities in Cuba to stand trial for mutiny. A Connecticut judge, however, issued a ruling recognizing the defendants’ rights as free citizens and ordering the U.S. government to escort them back to Africa.
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The U.S. government eventually appealed the case to the Supreme Court. Former president John Quincy Adams, who represented the Amistad Africans in the Supreme Court case, argued in their defense that it was the illegally enslaved Africans, rather than the Cubans, who “were entitled to all the kindness and good offices due from a humane and Christian nation.” Cinque testified on his own behalf. The victory in the case of the United States v. The Amistad was a significant success for the abolition movement.”
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[Image description: “The Amistad Trial” painting by Hale Woodruff from a mural at Talladega College called The Amistad Mutiny, 1939.]
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#TDIH #ThisDayInHistory #OnThisDay #OnThisDayInHistory #TeachOutsideTextbook #PeoplesHistory](http://eduxu.kittydevteam.com/content/v1/5ad4e01525bf02bfb56e4b9b/1595623521174-Y44H0EI3NP5R3L475AU3/ke17ZwdGBToddI8pDm48kI2xA2TTCo8caZiKobY90wAUqsxRUqqbr1mOJYKfIPR7LoDQ9mXPOjoJoqy81S2I8N_N4V1vUb5AoIIIbLZhVYxCRW4BPu10St3TBAUQYVKc-63ulalRZ8dgX7_Kt6nFAYEIgtHRa9I85xSbXjOEazoykemMKO-z3MWCgoFxp70V/image-asset.jpeg)
![Goodbye John C. Calhoun - Congrats to the Mayor and City Council of Charleston South Carolina. By Jeffery Robinson
And if you want to object based on heritage and tradition, then ask yourself if you want to embrace the heritage and tradition he stood for - when the monument was dedicated, then Secretary of the Interior Lucius Lamar said Calhoun would be angry with him if he were silent on Calhoun's views on slavery because they were important to him and "Dissimulation and evasion were so foreign to his character that in his own case no one would disapprove and even disdain such silence more than he."
Calhoun was not ashamed of his heritage, which is reflected in his true, heartfelt beliefs. For the real heritage of the confederacy, take it from John C Calhoun's own words:
"...the relation now existing in the slaveholding States between the two [races] is, instead of an evil, a positive good..."
"The existing relation between the two races in the South, against which these blind fanatics are waging war, forms the most solid and durable foundation on which to rear free and stable political institutions."
"We of the south will not, cannot, surrender our institutions. To maintain the existing relations between the two races...is indispensable to the peace and happiness of both. It cannot be subverted without drenching the country in blood."
This is who John C. Calhoun was and what he stood for. That he held political office does not change the fact that he was a white supremacist who was willing to drench the country in the blood of other Americans to keep the right to enslave Black people.
The Traveling Wilburys (Bob Dylan, George Harrison, Roy Orbison, Jeff Lynne and Tom Petty) sang a song and I loved with this verse:
And the walls came down
All the way to hell
And I saw them when they were standing
And I saw them when they fell...
Bye John](http://eduxu.kittydevteam.com/content/v1/5ad4e01525bf02bfb56e4b9b/1595623522218-5XCAH05SV5EQDP5ZIXEC/ke17ZwdGBToddI8pDm48kMiC1kkJMCC5CmdIxgmMBQRZw-zPPgdn4jUwVcJE1ZvWQUxwkmyExglNqGp0IvTJZUJFbgE-7XRK3dMEBRBhUpwDkWRUVPzILwwU1Cm0tACnQ-gsxKt_jcXVfT9FtNluPGWW0QT5AQYLWdKSnWNUYi4/image-asset.jpeg)
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WHO WE ARE:
A CHRONICLE OF RACISM IN AMERICA
A forthcoming documentary based on Jeffery Robinson’s phenomenal talk.
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WHO WE ARE:
A CHRONICLE OF RACISM IN AMERICA
A forthcoming documentary based on Jeffery Robinson’s phenomenal talk.
狸猫Ⅴpn安卓